Personal Reflection On Leadership And Leadership - 2297 Words

Introduction The objective of this reflection is to expose critically how I could evaluate my own experience with relation to the theories and ideas about Leadership. In other words, how this lecture and insights changed my personal notion, as well, how I could amplify my knowledge about this subject. But I assume that the most important is to demonstrate how the application of Leadership skill is relevant in my career in the future. I have chosen three topics I thought was more relevant to develop my personal reflections connecting with my experience and why to comprehend these topics will be essential to my development: - Leadership and Management - Charismatic and Transformational Leadership - Leadership and Gender Leadership Summarizing the idea of Leadership that I have researched, in my opinion, is the capacity to conduct followers to reach goals. Leaders convince followers the necessity of a leadership to the group achieve success. And although, followers use their own expertise to complete a job, they need to be driven by a Leader. A Leader exerts a certain power and influence in their follower that can be direct or indirect. An effective leader knows how to extract the best ability from each follower and although the skill belongs to the followers, some of them perform better when is conducted by a Leader. The ability of to influence comprehends and agree with others about what is necessary to be completed and how doing it as such, as to supportShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection On Leadership And Leadership2162 Words   |  9 Pagesthis reflection is to expose critically how I could evaluate my own experience with relation to the theories and ideas about Leadership. In other words, how this lectur e and insights changed my personal notion, as well, how I could amplify my knowledge about this subject. But I assume that the most important is to demonstrate how the application of Leadership skill is relevant in my career in the future. I have chosen three topics I thought was more relevant to develop my personal reflections connectingRead MorePersonal Reflection Of Leadership706 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Leadership is an essential part of society that is applied in our daily real-life situations. From what I have learned in this course, it is my understanding that leaders are constantly sought after, and leadership is an important service. People in society are constantly searching for attributes that make good leaders and looking for methods of making more effective leaders. This is because leadership is not only applied in our professional lives, but also in our social and personalRead MoreTransformational Leadership A Personal Reflection2584 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Transformational Leadership a Personal Reflection A Transformational Leader is a person who assesses a country, or organization/company, and recognizes the need for a change in the entity and is able to envision what this change should be. The transformational leader not only envisions the necessary change but has the required personality and strength of character that will enable them to influence others to buy into their vision and make it their own, and hence be willing to follow theRead MoreReflection Paper On Personal Leadership1339 Words   |  6 PagesPERSONAL LEADERSHIP REFLECTION PAPER FIRST SERGEANT JERRY D. HOLEMAN INDIANA STATE POLICE SESSION: 270 SECTION: 5 I am excited to reflect on my personal leadership style and how I got where I am today. I will discuss and use examples from my past experiences from the United States Marine Corps, as a coach, community leader, and within the Indian State Police. As a United States Marine for eight years, I have obtained many leadership qualities, such as integrity, loyalty, unselfishness, sacrificeRead MorePersonal Reflection : The Leadership Simulation Course1934 Words   |  8 PagesChallenges, and Solutions This paper summarizes my reflections of my experiences in the Leadership Simulation course. Issues, challenges, and solutions from my experiences are presented below from the perspective as a member of the Social Services sector and a representative of the City Council. Furthermore, reflections are also described in a team setting and as a leader. Member of the Social Services Sector My overall experience in the Leadership Simulation course was great. The group work and collaborationRead MorePersonal Reflection Of Personal Leadership : Personal Strengths And Habits700 Words   |  3 PagesBeing able to critique oneself is especially difficult when attempting to pick out the flaws that need to be worked on. In my personal life, I have been able to capitalize on my weaknesses and turn them into strengths. For example, I used to be socially awkward and not be able to hold a conversation if my life depended on it. I have since joined Toastmasters, an organization that is determined to help its members achieve their goals, and have been able to overcome social anxiety as well as buildRead MoreEssay on Leadership Reflection Plan836 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP REFLECTION PAPER Leadership Reflection Paper Shaynee Olson February 18th, 2013 University of Phoenix CUR/510 Dr. Park Abstract The purpose of this research is a self-reflection on the author’s personal leadership style. This research will include qualities of effective leadership, the author’s philosophy of leadership, and examples of the author’s leadership style. This research will also include a reflection of the author’s personal strengths as well as how theRead MoreSelf-Reflection - Leadership Development Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection - Leadership Development Many varied management and leadership philosophies exist and no single style or approach can be considered to be the ‘correct’ one. Regardless of management and leadership philosophies, self-reflection has played, and will continue to play, a significant role in the shaping of a managers leadership philosophy. Depending on the level of consciousness that a manager has in regards to self-reflection, along with how they communication their management andRead MoreTheology And Pastoral Leadership : Theology Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pages(2009). Theology and Pastoral Leadership. Anglican Theological Review, 91(1), 11-30 Beeley makes the argument that theology lies at the center of Christian leadership. It sites early theologians from the past, later theologians in the Anglican and other traditions. The author provides the relationship between theology and practicalities of leaders work, the ministry of the word, pastoral interpretation of Scripture, and the regular study of the work of Christian leadership. He points out in the articleRead MoreBeing An Effective Leader For Your People909 Words   |  4 PagesWhen asked to envision myself in a future leadership role, the first thing that comes to mind is my future self as a first class midshipman, simply because that will be the first actual role I will get to assume. Exactly what billet I would hold is hard to say, but I do not believe the position is all that important. What is important, I feel, is how you treat those around you and those under you. However, for the sake of writing, I will assume I will be a squad leader. Throughout this course, we

Should Smoking Be Public Places - 1055 Words

â€Å"Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs.† -King James I, royalty. Picking up a cigarette, is equivalent to putting a limitation on life. Sadly, numerous people will perform this activity anywhere they are, even where there are signs that read â€Å"no smoking.† Prohibit smoking in public places due to the fact that it can affect others health, pregnancy, and even harm their own body. People should be more aware of the effects smoking has on everyone, not just their own body. Although, countless smokers will refuse to admit that their habits affect anybody around them, does not mean that it won t happen. According to the CDC Since 1964, approximately 2,500,000 nonsmokers have died from health problems caused by exposure to secondhand smoke. The only way to protect the adults and children who do not smoke is to avoid smoking in a public area, or inside homes. Secondhand smoke can cause far more damage in the long term compared to smoking directly. Health risks such as asthma are more likely to develop in children who inhale secondhand smoke at a young age. The respiratory disease that affects the airways of the lungs is established as asthma. Most times, people who develop asthma at a young age should not be forced to deal with the effects for the rest of their life. Enjoyable things such as having pets, will be hard to enjoy due to the fact that pet dandruff can trigger asthma attacks. Along with the health risks that come withShow MoreRelatedShould Smoking Be Public Places?912 Words   |  4 PagesDebate about Smoking in Public Places Smoking cigarettes has been around for over two thousand years and is a debatable issue in the United States. The issue with public smoking is the controversy between banning it and not banning it. Many non-smokers view it as a harmful bad habit, while users view it as a choice that they are free to make. Opponents of banning smoking in public places feel that it is a choice and that it will take away their free will. â€Å"They argue that people should have the autonomyRead MoreShould Smoking Be Public Places?1110 Words   |  5 Pages Will smoking be convenient in your life? Smoking is the rubbish commodity to buy, sell and to utilize it. Smoking nowadays is creating obstacles to non-smokers and in general pollution to the environment. Some people are habituated to smoking and is now have become a far- reaching issue. Due to smoking it will generate complications in the future. Smoking should be banned in public places. This includes it harms people nearby smokers, causes litter and people can be affected with long-term diseaseRead MoreShould Smoking Public Places?1854 Words   |  8 Pagesis cool, or if they do it then they will fit in with the group. Should the government allow smoking public places? Is the fact that some states allow people to smoke in public places influencing teens and other to start smoking? These are a few questions that many people ask when they think of this topic, along with the health of people who smoke regularly, the laws on smoking, and how much people spend on a stick of cancer. Smoking starts among teens because of peer pressure or thinking that itRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?941 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals get older they try to cope with the stresses of everyday life by continuing to smoking. It makes them feel more relaxed and at ease. Whatever the reason is, it is a hard habit to break once one starts. For many smokers today it is getting hard to find a place to smoke. Comedians joke about going to another planet just to light up. Smoking should be banned in public places because smoking is just as bad for nonsmokers as it is for smokers. The effects of secondhand smoke orRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?885 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk into public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?950 Words   |  4 Pagesday I walk in to public place with a friend right away we sat down to eat, we were having a conversation later we smell cigarette smoke in the air. I start coughing from the smell of smoke. I also notice a lot of customers who like eating dinner at a public place smoking cigarette. Smoking is a big health problem I feel it is not fair to take away cigarette for people who smoke in American who desire smoke cigarette. Even thought the same as the concession is able to be taking place on this topicRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?864 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is one of the practices which is considered highly dangerous to our health because it impacts the smoker and the people around them. There are approximately one billion smokers. Smoking is a big issue that the nonsmoker faces. For example, when the smokers smoke in public places like restaurants, universities and other public places it hurts the non-smoker. The non-smoker breathing the cigarette, marijuana or hookah smoke from the smoker do both of them are breathing toxic chemicals. In aRead MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warn ing on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Essay474 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking in Public Places Should Be Banned I feel very strongly that smoking in public places should be banned. I will list my reasons for my thinking below and explain why I think this. I cannot stand walking down a street behind someone who is smoking. Every time they exhale I then have to walk into a cloud of their smoke. My clothes smell, because they have been saturated with the smoke, it gets into my hair too. It also affects my health. It was found that sevenRead MoreEssay on Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned463 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking In Public Places Should Be Banned There should be rules enforced for smoking in public places. Smokers just do not know the negative influence they are spreading. A puff of cigarette can harm a smokers health. When I go to a restaurant I do not like to leave smelling like smoke. It is the same going to a garbage dump, and smelling like garbage. I am not a smoker, and I cannot stand having the stench of smoke on my clothes. The smell of smoke is not harmful, but secondhand smoke is

Implications for Social Media Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Implications for Social Media Marketing. Answer: Introduction: In the 21st century, social media has created wonders in the society. Be, it brand awareness, fast food or mobiles occupying the top most position, social media is the answer to the issues regarding the inadequate knowledge about the latest trends adopted by the brands in terms of expanding their business. Overall, social media has optimized the whole world for the people regarding uprooting the aspect of being called an old-fashioned regarding the latest trends in the surroundings (Whiting and Deshpande 2014). This essay attempts to speculate the impact of social media in terms of creating a genius out of the ordinary spectators. In view of the widespread benefit of social media, the grounds of reality attain a higher position than myth. Typical evidence in this direction is declaration of smarter cities for providing uninterrupted internet connection to the public domain. Assistance in revolutionizing the business is one of the other grounds, which makes social media a reality, rather a necessity in terms of adding more to the customer stock (Whiting and Deshpande 2014). Herein, the other articles related to fast food, brand awareness and mobiles in demand can be correlated. Uploading the images of the mobiles, which the companies have launched, on the social networking sites and the official websites, enables the personnel to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the brand image. Herein, the limitations of the Egyptian threshold get nullified. Along with the mobiles, informing the public about the fast food restaurants, which have opened their outlets, enhances the field of social media marketing. On the contrary, social media acts as a platform for the entrepreneurs and startups in terms of finding investors, which alters their predicament in the competitive ambience of the market. Now, with just a click the people can search for the nearest restaurants (Gaber and Wright 2014). Within this, the provision of table booking, selecting the foods and paying online are some means, which have heavily influenced the purchasing power of the customers. In response to this, execution of market segmentation through the means of online survey, feedback and content generation options assist the readers to take the stance in favor of social media being a reality. Social media marketing in the field of tourism is another feather in this discussion. Launching new apps, which books tickets, hotel rooms, complimentary breakfast, lunch and dinner are typical example in this direction. For this, uninterrupted internet connection is needed. Along with this, the tourism industry personnel need to make effective use of the contents generated by the clients, which possesses the flexibility to bring innovation in the business services (Minazzi 2015). Uploading the images of the rooms in their exact forms helps the tourists to select the rooms which match their requirements. Mobile bookings saves a lot of time for both the customers and the clients, which if devoted to the other tasks, results in the systematization of the business activities, according to their priorities. The fast food restaurants launch the menu cards, the rates of the items, their images which helps the customers to place their orders online. This means, they would go to the restaurants and get their requested orders. Posting the ratings given by the people on the social networking sites is crucial for the restaurant managers in terms of assessing their position within the competitive ambience of the market (Gaber and Wright 2014). These ratings also hold importance for the customers in terms of suggesting their peers, relatives for going to these restaurants. Launching the specifications of the mobiles influences the affordability of the customers, especially those belonging to the middle class. Providing proper access to the customers regarding the newly launched products and outlets enhances the awareness of the brand among the people. Herein, social media has large contribution. Organizing quizzes and contests regarding the purchased products on the social media makes the personnel aware about the customer approaches. The facility of search engine optimization equalizes the social networking sites. This is in terms of providing the required information. The number of visitors visiting the official page of the company escalates the network channels and the sources of revenue. Herein, the aspect of pay per click advertising finds its mention, which is one of the main agents for brand awareness (Monica and Bala? 2014). In view of the above propositions, brand awareness, fast food and mobile brands can be considered as the benefits of social media. Countering this, effective and judicious use of the social media helps the personnel to enhance the preconceived knowledge of the people in terms of the mobiles, which are in demand in the market or the fast food restaurants, which have opened their outlets in the close proximity to the customers. The previous sentence makes brand awareness as an outcome of social media marketing (Monica and Bala? 2014). Fast foods and mobiles are the grounds, which the companies and organizations use for expanding their business upto the extent of foreign market penetration. Apart from the positive sides, social media has negative sides, which diminishes the intensity of the positive sides. Typical example of the negative sides of social media is the cyber crimes, which aggravates the complexity of the personnel in terms of establishing contact with large number of customers. Within this, instances of virus attacks and hacker interventions result in the loss of the organizational data, which adds vulnerability to the market position of the companies and organizations in the competitive ambience (Ashley and Tuten 2015). The loss of organizational data means the loss of customers personal profiles, which destroys the stability in the relationship between the customers and the company. In such a situation, the need is to adopt security software, which safeguards the privacy of the customers personal profile. Exposure of lackadaisical attitude in the adoption of this software is one of the other negative aspects, which acts as an obstacle in the progress of the companies and organizations towards technological advancement. In case of social media informing the customers about the opening of fast food restaurants outlets, negative examples can be transmitting improper information to the customers. Examples in this direction can be uploading wrong ratings, pictures, menus among others. The likeliness of these aspects nullifies the limitations of Egypt. This kind of interplay with the buying behavior of the customers degrades the designation of the personnel in terms of ensuring the wellbeing of the customers (Hyder 2016). This is also the case for social media in mobile apps; where the negative examples are advertising false offers, discounts and schemes to the customers. This situation obliterates the various facilities offered by the companies and organization for the execution of social media marketing. Highlighting both the positive and the negative aspects broadens the scope and arena of social media. Overcoming the negative issues would add value to roles and responsibilities of the personnel in terms of modernizing the lives of the customers. Countering this, revealing conscious attitude towards the allocated responsibilities would help the personnel to avert the instances of crisis. Typical example of this consciousness is to hire IT experts for inspection of the machines. Maintaining frequency in this inspection is assistance for the personnel in terms of taking preventive measures well in advance (Luo and Zhang 2013). The articles emerge successful in providing an insight into the widespread benefits of social media. The dynamics of social media is reflected from the companys use of the social media to inform the customers about the mobile apps, which can help them in making online bookings for hotels and restaurants. Providing proper access to the customers for making the bookings influences their purchasing power and affordability. Along with this, it enhances the brand awareness. Countering this, uploading the images of the newly launched products and services along with their specifications itself enhances the awareness of the people about the brand image. The generalized and widespread benefits of social media nullify the mention of Egypt. The negative aspect in the articles in the mention of security policies in case of social media for mobile apps and health issues in case of the fast foods articles. References and Bibliography Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Gaber, H.R. and Wright, L.T., 2014. Fast-food advertising in social media. A case study on Facebook in Egypt.Journal of Business and Retail Management Research,9(1). Hyder, S., 2016.The zen of social media marketing: An easier way to build credibility, generate buzz, and increase revenue. BenBella Books, Inc.. Luo, X. and Zhang, J., 2013. How do consumer buzz and traffic in social media marketing predict the value of the firm?.Journal of Management Information Systems,30(2), pp.213-238. Minazzi, R., 2015. Mobile Social Media Marketing in Tourism. InSocial Media Marketing in Tourism and Hospitality(pp. 127-135). Springer International Publishing. Monica, B. and Bala?, R., 2014. Social media marketing to increase brand awareness.Journal of Economics and Business Research,20(2), pp.155-164. Scott, D.M., 2015.The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage. Whiting, A. and Deshpande, A., 2014. Social media marketing: A myth or a necessity.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,16(5), p.74. Zhu, Y.Q. and Chen, H.G., 2015. Social media and human need satisfaction: Implications for social media marketing.Business horizons,58(3), pp.335-345.

Invasive Alien Species free essay sample

The White Goby (Glossogobius giuris) This specie has a depressed head while the body takes on a compressed appearance towards to caudal fin. This fish usually has brown or light brown spots on the side. It ranges from 40 – 50cm. Place of Origin: This was first introduced in the Philippines by the Philippine Fisheries Commission in 1960. It was believed that the goby was unconsciously part of the Mozambique Tilapia also an IAS. Distribution: The goby is distributed from tropical and subtropical countries. It can be found on the East Coast of Africa, Southern Asia (e. g. India) and South East Asian countries such as the Philippines. In the Philippines the first recorded white goby to be found is in Lake Mainit, Agusan Del Sur. It can also be found in Lake Lanao in Lanao Del Sur. Feeding Ecology: The white goby is said to be a carnivorous fish; it will feed on any smaller fish that comes across with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Invasive Alien Species or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Lake Lanao, the white goby is said to have an impact on one of the cyprinid species. Positive Impact: Although the white goby eat the cyprinids it does not have a large impact on the cyprinids compared to eleotrid which feeds on three endemic cyprinid species. Negative Impact: The white goby swims in fresh water. In Lake Mainit the fish was found in their fresh water container and this was the farm’s main water stock. The white goby threatens the cyprinids and paleomonid shrimps. This affects the fish production. It is said that cyprinids are able to help total fish production by 9. 1% and the goby only helps by 0. 9% (Guerrero, 2002). 2. Rice Black Bug (Scotinophara coarctata) The specie is a sap feeding insect that causes a lot of damage to our rice industry. These bugs prefer marshy and wet land environments. Locally known as the â€Å"itim na atangya†. The adult bug is oval-shaped of about 8-9mm long. Place of Origin: In the Philippines, the first records introduction of the specie was in Palawan in 1972, Bicol and Sorsogon in 2004. (International Rice Research Institute, 2010). Distribution: The Rice Black Bug can be found in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, and Thailand. Feeding Ecology: The rice black bugs’ main host plants are rice and corn. At daytime the specie is in base of the plant and moves up to the fruit of the plant at night time. Positive Impact: More extensive research can be done on the specie especially in our agricultural country. One of our country’s main crops is rice and if the specie continues to disrupt research can be done to mitigate the problem. This can also help countries that are infested with the same species. Negative Impact: The rice black bug infests rice at almost all stages of growth. When the rice field is infested by the specie, the center of the leaves turn brown and die. During the booting stage, rice panicles become empty. Both adult and young rice black bug suck the sap of the rice panicles causing the crop to decay and die (Phil Rice Los Banos OPAPA Team, 2008). 3. What are Invasive Alien Species (IAS)? Invasive Alien Species include exotic, non-native, micro and macro-species that are introduced to our country. These may be accidentally or deliberately to a place where it is not their natural habitat. Most exotic species that are introduced to areas where they have no predators or competitors tend to flourish and increase their population rapidly. IAS may become aggressive and dangerous. Studies show that Invasive Alien Species can affect native species by being its competitor, predator, and niche displacer that can result for native species to be totally extinct. Also, few reported cases that Invasive Alien Species can transfer diseases to other animals and humans. Invasive Alien Species are similar to Global Warming that threaten our environment, food security, human health and economic development especially on the agricultural sector (Joshi, 2007). 4. How are IAS introduced to the Philippines? The Philippines is described to have a high degree of biodiversity. With rapid increase in population, poverty and unlimited wants and needs have resulted to environmental destruction; increase of global trade, import and export have served as an impact to increase invasive alien species in our country. The Philippines have a few data on IAS, most of the time misunderstood due to lack of knowledge about taxonomic identity of IAS. The country also lacks on more extensive information. Most information are modes of introduction to our country. These may be one or a combination of: †¢Transport of organisms to a new habitat between islands and countries. †¢Establishment and propagation of IAS in the new habitat. It may be natural or man-made. †¢Uncontrolled population that may be from deliberate release or accidental escape (Joshi, 2007). The Global Invasive Species Database lists that there are 47 alien species have been introduced in our country. 6 have uncertain biological status and 23 are Philippine native and invasive in other areas. 5. Read articles about the â€Å"janitor fish† in the Philippines. Present solutions to minimize, if not eradicate, these invasive alien species in our freshwater ecosystem. The most recent IAS that is causing an alarm is the â€Å"janitor fish†. The janitor fish has become in Marikina River, Lake Paitan, Nueva Ecija and Laguna de Bay. It was introduced by the aquarium trade industry and has escaped into natural waters. Many solutions to this problem have been implemented by Local Government Units, NGOs, and other organizations that fund different projects. In Marikina, the janitor fish have been sold to about P5. 00 per kilo then deliberately kills the fish afterwards. A World Bank has funded a project where the â€Å"janitor fish† is converted to pig meals in Laguna (Guerrero, 2005). Articles show that the â€Å"janitor fish† does not invade our ecosystem similar to a rice black bug that destroys our rice crops. Some studies show that direct consuming of the janitor fish can have side effects due to different elements found in it such as mercury and lead. Increasing awareness about this problem can help open up ideas to other people that can provide better ways of eradicating the â€Å"janitor fish†. Continued research on the â€Å"janitor fish† skins to be used as handy craft materials is one way of addressing the problem. Research on elements that are inside the â€Å"janitor fish† that can be used in producing bio-fuels. With the studies and researches of people have done in the past years we should insert the idea of an â€Å"economic demand†. With extensive information in the future the â€Å"janitor fish† may help is both economic and environmental concerns in our country. Images of the Species: Rice Black Bug Photo Courtesy of IRR White Goby by Raphael Guerrero References: Sinohin, V. O. Cuatermo, W. R. (2002) Special Reports: Country Reports on Invasive Alien Species. ASEAN BIODIVERSITY Retrieved on November 26, 2011 from http://www.arcbc.org.ph/ https://www.yumpu.com/en/www.bolinfonet.org http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Glossogobius_giuris http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/1238522/invasive-species http://www.stii.dost.gov.ph/

Free Essays on Anti - Christian Semi

The Brief History of Christian Anti-Semitism. For sixteen hundred years, the Jewish people have been persecuted and murdered by people who worship a Jewish man as their savior: the Christians. Why did Christian anti-Semitism, a seemingly illogical belief given that Jesus himself was a Jew, develop? How did it evolve, and why has it persisted for centuries? In the Biblical gospels, despite three of the four being ostensibly written by Jews, enemies of Jesus are referred to as â€Å"the Jews.† Early Christians found themselves in a quandary. The savior they worship, himself a Jew, purportedly was killed by Jews. Since at least the fourth century, some groups of Christians have actively practiced Anti-Semitism, taking revenge on Jewish people for â€Å"murdering† the God of Christianity. Christians have called Jews devils, demons and antichrists. Persecution by church officials, both Catholic and Protestant, was consistent and deadly for over a thousand years. Hundreds of thousands, possibly millions of Jews, were massacred by so-called Christians centuries before the Holocaust. Emperor Constantine the Great converted to Christianity in 312 A.D. Attributing his military successes to God, he issued the Edict of Milan, making Christianity the Roman Empire's official religion. It was here in the fourth century that open anti-Semitism emerged. A great number of superficial converts (wanting to be on the winning side) joined the church, which was placing overwhelming emphasis on the sacraments. The sacraments were thought by many to have a magical content, supernaturally protecting against attacks from the devil. Those outside the Orr 2 sacramental community primarily unconverted Jews became seen as people through whom the devil could work his evil purposes. The Jews were thought to be sorcerers, cannibals, and child-murderers. Attacks b... Free Essays on Anti - Christian Semi Free Essays on Anti - Christian Semi The Brief History of Christian Anti-Semitism. For sixteen hundred years, the Jewish people have been persecuted and murdered by people who worship a Jewish man as their savior: the Christians. Why did Christian anti-Semitism, a seemingly illogical belief given that Jesus himself was a Jew, develop? How did it evolve, and why has it persisted for centuries? In the Biblical gospels, despite three of the four being ostensibly written by Jews, enemies of Jesus are referred to as â€Å"the Jews.† Early Christians found themselves in a quandary. The savior they worship, himself a Jew, purportedly was killed by Jews. Since at least the fourth century, some groups of Christians have actively practiced Anti-Semitism, taking revenge on Jewish people for â€Å"murdering† the God of Christianity. Christians have called Jews devils, demons and antichrists. Persecution by church officials, both Catholic and Protestant, was consistent and deadly for over a thousand years. Hundreds of thousands, possibly millions of Jews, were massacred by so-called Christians centuries before the Holocaust. Emperor Constantine the Great converted to Christianity in 312 A.D. Attributing his military successes to God, he issued the Edict of Milan, making Christianity the Roman Empire's official religion. It was here in the fourth century that open anti-Semitism emerged. A great number of superficial converts (wanting to be on the winning side) joined the church, which was placing overwhelming emphasis on the sacraments. The sacraments were thought by many to have a magical content, supernaturally protecting against attacks from the devil. Those outside the Orr 2 sacramental community primarily unconverted Jews became seen as people through whom the devil could work his evil purposes. The Jews were thought to be sorcerers, cannibals, and child-murderers. Attacks b...

Enrico Fermi - Biography of the Physicist

Enrico Fermi - Biography of the Physicist Enrico Fermi was a physicist whose important discoveries about the atom led to the splitting of the atom (atomic bombs) and the harnessing of its heat into an energy source (nuclear energy). Dates: September 29, 1901 November 29, 1954 Also Known As: Architect of the Nuclear Age Enrico Fermi Discovers His Passion Enrico Fermi was born in Rome at the very beginning of the 20th century. At the time, no one could have imagined the impact his scientific discoveries would have on the world. Interestingly, Fermi didnt get interested in physics until after his brother died unexpectedly during a minor surgery. Fermi was only 14 and the loss of his brother devastated him. Looking for an escape from reality, Fermi happened upon two physics books from 1840 and read them from cover to cover, fixing some of the mathematical errors as he read. He claims he didnt realize at the time that the books were written in Latin. His passion was born. By the time he was just 17, Fermis scientific ideas and concepts were so advanced he was able to head directly to graduate school. After four years studying at the University of Pisa, he was awarded his doctorate in physics in 1922. Experimenting With Atoms For the next several years, Fermi worked with some of the greatest physicists in Europe, including Max Born and Paul Ehrenfest, while also teaching at the University of Florence and then at the University of Rome. At the University of Rome, Fermi conducted experiments that progressed atomic science. After James Chadwick discovered the third part of atoms, neutrons, in 1932, scientists worked diligently to discover more about the interior of atoms. Before Fermi began his experiments, other scientists had already used helium nuclei as projectiles to disrupt an atoms nucleus. However, since the helium nuclei were positively charged, they could not be successfully used on the heavier elements. In 1934, Fermi came up with the idea to use neutrons, which have no charge, as projectiles. Fermi would shoot a neutron like an arrow into an atoms nucleus. Many of these nuclei absorbed the extra neutron during this process, creating isotopes for every element. Quite a discovery in and of itself; however, Fermi made another interesting discovery. Slowing Down the Neutron Though it doesnt seem to make sense, Fermi found that by slowing down the neutron, it often had a larger impact on the nucleus.  He found that the speed at which the neutron was most impacted differed for every element. For these two discoveries about atoms, Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938. Fermi Emigrates The timing was just right for the Nobel Prize. Antisemitism was strengthening within Italy at this time and though Fermi was not Jewish, his wife was. Fermi accepted the Nobel Prize in Stockholm and then immediately emigrated to the United States. He arrived in the U.S. in 1939 and began working at Columbia University in New York City as a professor of physics. Nuclear Chain Reactions Fermi continued his research at Columbia University. Though Fermi had unknowingly split a nucleus during his earlier experiments, credit for splitting an atom (fission) was given to Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in 1939. Fermi, however, quickly realized that if you split an atoms nucleus, that atoms neutrons could be used as projectiles to split another atoms nuclei, causing a nuclear chain reaction. Each time a nucleus was split, an enormous amount of energy was released. Fermis discovery of the nuclear chain reaction and then his discovery of a way to control this reaction led to both the construction of atomic bombs and of nuclear power. The Manhattan Project During World War II, Fermi worked diligently on the Manhattan Project to create an atomic bomb. After the war, however, he believed the human toll from these bombs was too large. In 1946, Fermi worked as a professor at the University of Chicagos Institute of Nuclear Studies. In 1949, Fermi argued against the development of a hydrogen bomb. It was built anyway. On November 29, 1954, Enrico Fermi succumbed to stomach cancer at the age of 53.

Marketing and Distribution Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing and Distribution Management - Essay Example This is because it will be easier to determine price floors and ceiling so that adjustments are done within this range depending on the competition trend. The main disadvantage of the pricing policy is that it ignores the public image and the market position of the company. Value-based pricing policy can prove to be very profitable if the company is sure that what they charge is consistent with the value offered to the clients (Mohr, Sanjit, and Stanley 34-45). The disadvantage of this technique is that it can scare off potential customers who are price driven, and it can equally attract more competitors. Microsoft has adopted value-based pricing due to the outstanding performance of its new product Windows 8 on various gadgets including mobile phones, tablets, and other portable electronics. This is the best technique for this company since it has to manage its public image by offering quality products for sustained competitive advantage. Skimming is one of the traditional pricing c oncepts applied to a new innovative product that has just been launched in the market (Ferrell and Michael 56-61). It is suitable when the clients are price-insensitive and simply driven by the value of the product. On the other hand, penetration price is able to attract customers and gain market share and rise steadily after capturing clients. Customers tend to be very responsive to the price. In respect to Microsoft’s new innovation of Windows 8, it is imperative to underline that at its introduction what mattered was its value to the people and, hence, skimming technique application by the company. It is important to note that Microsoft operates in an oligopolistic market structure, and its survival, therefore, hangs on its ability to employ power-pricing model due to the uncertainty of the long-term price dynamics. Vertical marketing system involves mechanisms through which firms that supply a given product or service chain work in co-operation with the goal of all of the m maximizing benefit.

The Continuum from Legitimacy to Fraud Research Paper

The Continuum from Legitimacy to Fraud - Research Paper Example Thus, the framework will only be used to the extent of four components of earnings management namely paper earnings management (PEM), real earnings management (REM), paper earnings fraud (PEF), and real earnings fraud (REF). PEM and REM relate to earnings management practices that comply with accounting standards and corporate laws in place while REF and PEF are earnings management practices that violate the standards and laws in place. Earnings Management Measurement The type of data used in this study shall be secondary data collected from the DataStream database. Such data is usually found from the financial statements of listed companies and therefore deemed reliable. Therefore, the issues of data reliability and validity for the present study shall not arise as no tools shall be developed for the collection of primary data. A number of approaches have been used by researchers to measure earnings management (Prior, Surroca and Tribo, 2007). According to McNicols (2000), three app roaches have been commonly used. These are: specific accruals, distribution of earnings, and total accruals. The present study will employ the total accruals approach which consists of both discretionary accruals and non-discretionary accruals (Dechow et al. 1995). Prior studies presented two approaches for measuring totals accruals. For instance, Kothari (2005) uses the balance sheet method while Jaggi et al. (2009) use the cash flow approach. Following Jones (1991) and Dechow et al. (1995), the current or total accruals can be defined using the balance sheet method as: TACt = ?CAt - ?Cash-?CLT + ?DCL – DEPt Where:?CAt = This denotes change in current assets in year t ? Cash = This is a change in cash and cash equivalents in year t?CLT = This is a change in current liabilities in year t?DCL = This means a change in debt included in current liabilities in year t. DEPt = This is depreciation and amortization expense in year t Collins and Hriber (2002) noted that the cash flow approach was a superior method than the balance sheet approach especially for companies experiencing mergers and acquisitions. Sun and Rath (2009) argued that the discretionary accrual approach is potentially ill-specified. This study therefore uses the cash flow estimation approach. Under the cash flow method, total accruals are estimated as follows: TAC t = Income t – Cash Flow t Where: Income = Earnings before extraordinary and abnormal items in year t Cash Flow t = Operating cash flow in year t Prior et al., (2007) noted that earnings management is estimated through discretionary accruals (DA) which are computed by â€Å"detracting the expected or non-discretionary accruals (NDA) from the total accruals (TA)† (p. 34). The DA and NDA can be estimated using the Kothari et al (2005) model. The model is different from the modified Jones model proposed by Dechow et al. (1995), and includes a non-deflated term that captures performance (ROA). Consistent with most empiric al studies in earnings management, the present study will adopt the modified Jones model. The argument for the adoption of this model is best described by Alghamdi (2012) as follows: â€Å"The argument of this study is that management may engage in earnings management via discretionary revenues by timing the recording of these revenues, such as recording them at the year-end when the cash has not yet been collected.  

Going to College Essay Example for Free

Going to College Essay Going to college really does open a new chapter in everyone life, the beginning of new friendships, opportunities and growth. As a college student, a new student will be introduced to new areas of interest, broaden his vision of possibilities, establish and accomplish goals, develop lifelong friendships and define him or her in ways that he can imagine. Anyone on Earth already asked, or will ask himself where he would be in 10, 20 or even 30 years down the road. It is hard enough imagining what his life is going to be like in a year or two. Questions like â€Å"Where do you want to be today, tomorrow and in the future? † might be hard ones for young teenagers, who just graduated from high school. Attending college will help anyone answer those questions, develop a realistic plan for accomplishing his goals, and equip him with the knowledge and skills he will needs to see his goals through to the end. We usually assume that a college degree is necessary when it is not actually. We can also noticed that, because we place so much emphasis on degrees, people who have not attended college think of themselves badly, and this lack of self-confidence can really impede their success. There are some people for whom the college is actually not the best way to learn. However, a college education is an opportunity for everyone to learn what he loves. A new student can actually take the time to enjoy learning what he is truly passionate about. If he is interested in a variety of things and he is not sure where to focus, he can take his time to try them all. Nobody should look at college as a long-term contract that he is not going to be able to get out of once he starts. Anyone should feel like he needs to decide on a major area of study before starting college. College is a time for everyone to test himself, explore his interests, see what the possibilities are, and to see what he can achieve. Most other students attending college are going to be in the exact same boat. There are also a variety of resources, provided by most universities, to help anyone through college, including academic advisors, professors accessible on campus, tutoring academic support, full-time counseling staff and more. While the prospect of attending college may seem a bit daunting and even suffocating, a graduated high school teenager should not forget that he will still get to live his life. He will be able to participate in a variety of extracurricular activities, social groups, maintain a job, or even pursue a career while completing his studies. He may even find that college ends up being much more enjoyable and fulfilling than he ever expected. There are additional reasons as to why it is important to go to college. When students experience a post-secondary education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. This stimulation encourages students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas. So, â€Å"why should you go to college? † The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A good education is beneficial from many different viewpoints. If any teenager is still asking himself why he should go to college, it is important to remember the significant amount of opportunity available for college graduates. The global economy is becoming increasingly more competitive, and in order to give him the best chance for a well-paying job, he must first understand the importance of college education. Attending college provides students with the knowledge and experience they are unable to receive from a secondary education, and finding a way to fund a higher education now can pay off in a huge way in the years to come.

Albert Camus Philosophy in The Plague Essay example -- Albert Camus P

Albert Camus' Philosophy in The Plague To know ourselves diseased is half our cure. - Alexander Pope As the title clearly suggests, the novel The Plague is, indeed, a story of disease. On the surface, the novel The Plague, may be an accounting of facts detailing the outbreak of bubonic plague in the town of Oran. But on a deeper level, it is a novel that reveals awareness and acceptance of the limits of human existence. And it is also a reminder of our absurd freedom and the choices we make in life, especially when facing death. In writing The Plague we are told that Camus "sought to convey [...] the feeling of suffocation from which we all suffered and the atmosphere of threat and exile in which we lived" (Bree, 1964:128). He was, of course, speaking of the horrors of World War II. But "at the same time [he wanted] to extend [his] interpretation to the notion of existence in general" (Bree, 1964:128). Camus' interpretation of existence is revealed in his philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus in which he discusses the absurd and its consequences, revolt, freedom and passion. Some interesting connections can be made between the philosophical discussion in The Myth of Sisyphus and the existential themes found in The Plague. In The Myth, Camus outlines his notion of the absurd and its consequences; in The Plague he brings his philosophy to life. This tale of life and death is told by Dr. Rieux, who maintains that his "business is only to say 'this is what happened', when he knows that it actually did happen, [and] that it closely affected the life of a whole populace [...]" (Camus, The Plague, p.7). Of the novel, Germaine Bree says, "considered in its totality [The Plague] transmits a personal experience ... ..., one way or another, and The Plague is a reminder of that absurd fact. The quote at the beginning of this paper, "To know ourselves diseased is half our cure" has its relevance in the ultimate lesson we learn from The Plague. But there is another lesson to be learned and Camus reminds us of it in The Myth of Sisyphus: "the point is to live" (Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus, p.65). While facing the horrors of death, the characters in The Plague do an excellent job of bringing that philosophical point to life. Works Cited Bree, Germaine. (ed.), Camus: Collection of Critical Essays. Prentice-Hall: Englewood, NJ. 1962. Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus and other essays. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. Camus, Albert, The Plague. Vintage: NY, 1991. Ellison, David R. Understanding Albert Camus. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1990.

Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience

Lay back and imagine, you are on a beach; the sun currents lightly burn you skin. You are in captivating and enchanting surrounding like laughter from young and old. You go into the calming blue ocean, in the thought that you are going to have a pleasant and moderate swim. But could there be a huge blood-hungry shark in the water? Could it have heard the vibrations of your movement and is now coming to consume you? This was indeed what happened in the film ‘Jaws'. In this essay, I will be examining the suspense techniques used in the film and the intended effect upon the audience – what makes Jaws scary? The unique film Jaws was made in the year 1975and directed by Steven Spielberg, who was only twenty seven at the time. The film is based upon Peter Benchley's No1 bestseller and he also wrote the screenplay. Jaws broke all box office records to become the biggest box office hit of it's time. It grossed an amazing sum of $260.000.000. The two scenes I am going to focus on from the film are the opening scene where Chrissie is attacked and the following scene where Alex is attacked. Jaws is set in the small town of Amity Island on the coast of Florida. Firstly, I am going to analyze what happens in the opening scene of the play. At the start of the scene there is a young people's party on the beach. The director uses panoramic shot of the shark then uses a panning shot of the young people at the party. He uses these techniques to create tense and suspense, makes us think about who is going to be attacked; who is the victim of this inevitable horror? Another technique used at the start of the party on the beach is laughter and soft music to relax us, but never-the-less we hear sound of waves in the background to remind us of the shark. Suddenly a woman leaves her boy friend on the beach and goes swimming. We are shown a shot of her swimming in the moonlight. The kind of shot used is a Long Shot. The director uses this to show the darkness surrounding her, this makes us makes us nervous and expectant of something horrible to happen. There is darkness in the background throughout the scene because it creates a sense of mystery. As the shark starts to move in for the kill, the music used changes from soft music to the shark's signature tune. This is done so as to increase the tense of the moment. When the shark attacks, the girls is shown in a P.O.V shot from below. The shark then carries the girl in its mouth. This is made to look like a kid having some harmless fun. The intended effect upon the audience is to make it seem a bit less horrible. In the background we hear Jaws signature tune which is increasing tremendously. This is done to increase the tense further. In the middle of the attack the shark suddenly stops, and the girl clings to the buoy as a nerve-racking silence takes over the scene. This creates a feeling of suspense – what is going to happen next? Soon the shark attacks again and finishes her off in a rather quick and painless manner. At the end of the scene we are given a panoramic shot of the beach. All we hear is the sound of waves, and young people talking. I think that the director does this because he wants to end the scene the way he started it, suggesting nothing has happened. This has the effect of making us feel more relaxed. I think that this opening scene is particularly good in building suspense because he uses different types of techniques such as awkward silences and blindness. I now plan to the suspense techniques that Steven Spielberg uses in the scene where a little boy called Alex is seized by the shark. At the start of the scene the camera moves between shots of Chief Brody and the beach. This is done to show us the beach from Brody's eyes (P.O.V shot), and then show his reaction of what is seen. Furthermore we see a black dog playing with its master. The colour black is used to symbolise funeral and death. This tells the audience that the dog could be the victim to the massive messenger of death. A pet dog is used because people will be more likely to have sympathy for a cute Labrador rather than a Pitbull etc. When we see Alex for the first time he asks his mother if he can swim in the water for longer. In response his mother lets him swim an extra five minutes. This makes us think that he is going to be the next victim. Alex is shown with a yellow lilo, which is used to represent light, life, joy etc. We are then shown two good examples of false alarm. The first of these is when we see the shape of the shark in the water, which is actually the hat of a man. Spielberg uses the camera to increase the tension by showing us Chief Brody looking at the ocean. He also has the man coming out of the water in a very slow manner. The other example is when a young lady gets lifted up from the water from below, screaming, with her legs astride. This makes us think that the girl is being attacked by the shark. However, we find the girl is being lifted by her boyfriend. After a set of false alarms, we start to sense some false comfort, but this quickly turns into fear as we are shown the dogs stick flowing in the water with the dog nowhere in sight. Immediately after this we see the shark's eye-view of the boy's legs from below, and the music changes to jaws signature tune, the effect of this is that we know that the boy is, Alex, is going to be attacked. The director, Steven Spielberg, personifies the shark cleverly. The director makes the shark deliberately go past all the people in the water and directly go to the poor little boy – this makes the shark look evil†¦ a human quality. After the attack, the camera is used to show the chaos and fear from the people at the beach. This is intended to make us sense the fear the people on the people on the beach are experiencing. The music also changes from Jaws music to series of chaotic sounds. This is done to increase the panic of the sound. We are then shown the boy's mother on her own on the beach as the other people create a distance from the water, with their children held tightly. Only Alex's mother is missing her child. The kind of shot used here is a long shot. The all music and sound stop so as to make us focus on the mother. Finally, we are shown the punctured lilo being washed up on the shore. It is covered in the boy's blood, which suggests that the life and light has been destroyed by darkness and death. I now hope that your imagination has been satisfied with loads of images from the creative but scary film Jaws. In this essay, I have tried to look in dept the techniques used to make this film spectacularly unique film of its time. Spielberg has made Jaws a wonderfully scary film by taking the suspense techniques to the next step – he uses camera shots and sound to build up suspense e.g. Jaws signature tune. I would recommend this film to people of all ages including my own because this film is one of few films that have taken suspense techniques to the next level. So, next time you go to the beach, will you only be concerned about swimming and pleasure? Or will you be concerned about deadly horrors that might lie beneath the beauty of the water, in the depths of the ocean? The only advice I can give is to watch the film and treat it only as a film, for it is not real. Otherwise, we might risk never going into the waters again!

Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay

Globalization is the global interconnectedness of economic activities. It is characterized by new technologies, new structures, new economies and new cultures. All these are structured around global financial flows that are based of computer simulations and speculations. The resulting global economy is very turbulent due to non-linear feedbacks and it is easily influenced by political events and influential analysts’ projections. These is seen when there is instability in the stock markets in certain countries like the United States of America. The instability affects all other stock markets in the world. But is globalization global? The global economy sees some areas as invaluable and politically irrelevant and often such areas are excluded from this global economy. The idea of globalization was conceived by leading capitalist countries, global financial institutions (World Bank, International Monetary fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO)) and transnational co-operat ions. The minds behind this idea of globalization thought that this was one way of improving the livelihoods everybody in the globe but as we shall see later on, the models used to come up with globalization had major loop holes. Global information communications and new technologies have played a big role facilitating globalization. This is through the computers, Internet and mobile phones. This has made business transactions easy such that by the click of a button, a lot of money circulates around the globe. New innovations have resulted in increased productivity and competition. These technological advances have lowered the costs of transport and communication. Computers have made it possible to handle large amounts of data in a short time and information storage and retrieval has been made very easy. On a positive note, the new technologies have in one way or another helped in growth of economics  through sharing of ideas. On the other hand, these advances in technology have led to homogenization of cultures. Globalization has increased the profits and productivity of multinational corporations. With free trade rules, some few people, the global elite has become richer and others who are the majority have become poorer. The free trade rules has enabled multinational companies invest their money in emerging economies and removing their money once they speculate that that economy is not doing well. This has wrecked the economies of many countries. Another issue is that this big multinationals have swallowed the small companies leading to losses of jobs. Capra, 2002, in his book ‘hidden connections’ says that most of these multi national companies always try to evade taxes and benefit from subsidies. As a result, their products are cheap and this outcompetes the local companies, which can result in more job losses. But on the other hand, globalization can become a scapegoat for failed national policies. Embezzlement and mismanagement of public resources and corruption deeply rooted in some countries should not be blamed on globalization. In any case, a government should be able to provide the needs of its people. According to the 2002 report on the international forum on globalization, the free trade rules set by the World trade organization consolidate power to a small corporate elite. Globalization has erased political and economic boundaries such that power has shifted from the people and communities to financial speculators, global corporations and leading capitalist countries. As a result, currency markets have made governments unable to control their economic policies because it is this markets that determine the values of national currency. According to Capra 2002, large economies are able to absorb these turbulences but for developing countries, this is a big problem. This financial crisis has led to developing countries to seek for aid and as a result, they have sunk to end less debts. It is important to note that aid is basically a tool for manipulating developing countries. It is important to note that in globalization, capital is global while  labour is local. This means that the globalized capital has the economic power leaving labour disintegrated. Labour itself can be divided into professionals and unskilled workers. Globalization seems to favour the professional laborers while the unskilled laborers can be fired anytime. This has led to social inequality and polarization. Many jobs nowadays are on contract basis and forming labor organizations to bargain for better working conditions is not easy because of fear of loosing jobs. People working in multinational companies operating in their countries fear bargaining for better terms of employment because they fear loosing jobs as the company can move to another country. As a result, people have to put up with poor working conditions and wages. Increased trade as a result of free trade by the World Trade organization has led to increased pollution of the environments. Trade has also resulted to introduction of invasive alien species to new environments. From the ecological perspective, trade, which has increased in the recent past, is the major route in which invasive alien species are introduced to new environments. According to the Convention for Biodiversity, invasive alien species are the major causes for the loss of biodiversity. The environmental impacts are heavily felt in the countries in the south. The free market idea by the World Trade Organization has resulted in constant search for access to natural resources, and this has led to so much pressure on the Earth’s limited natural resources. Another bit is the destruction of the environment, which has led to floods, droughts and other catastrophes. Increased shipping has lead to pollution of waterways. Globalization has also favored monoculture to enhance a nation’s competitiveness in the global market. This has put more pressure on the limited natural resources and use of chemicals to enhance production, which further exacerbates the problem of pollution. Globalization has also penetrated into power and politics. Most of these multinational companies and lobby groups normally finance political candidates in countries of interest  so that if the person gets into power, he/ she may create favorable conditions for their activities. So in a way, these companies and lobby  groups control a country’s economy. Rise of globalized criminal gangs is another problem that stems out of globalization. Boosted by easy communication networks, criminals have found it easy to conduct their businesses. Recently, a drug cartel involving Mexicans, Kenyans and the Dutch was uncovered and this is a classic example of criminal gangs operating on a global scale. WAY OUT. With Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) press release of 2010 estimating that 925 million around the globe are undernourished, something must be wrong somewhere. As already noted, globalization is to blame social inequalities which can be seen from the widening gap between the rich and the poor. Borrowing from title of the first annual World Social Forum held in Porto Alegre in Brazil, another world is possible. First, change should first start with the ruling elite. With the help of international nongovernmental organizations there should be a power transformation from the global elite to the human society. These global elites together with World Bank, IMF and World Trade Organization should be more transparent in decision-making. In is also very important to include various non-governmental organizations representing interests of social justice, human rights environmental interests and democracy in the decisionmaking processes. Most of the countries affected by globalization are developing countries and most of these countries have very huge debts. It seems impossible for these developing countries to put tight rules on international organizations in order to protect the local companies. But with the help on lobby groups, it is possible for government to remove subsidies and exemptions offered to these multinational corporations. These multinational corporations should also be held responsible for any wrongdoing like destruction of the environment. Cancellation of debts will help developing countries grow economically but these countries too should have leaders who are accountable to the citizens. On that note, corruption and lobbying should be dealt with at every level. This is to ensure fair competition of business deals. It is important to empower workers so that they can bargain for better working conditions. National governments can also protect their people by defining working conditions to investors setting up enterprises in the country. Finally, it is important we practice ecological sustainability. Proper waste disposal, use of alternative fuel sources (scientifically proven to be sustainable), efficient and ecofriendly technologies, sustainable farming practices and strict environmental practices are some of the ways of making the world sustainable. The most important part of sustainability is educating everybody on the importance of conserving the environment so it’s important to take environmental movements deep down to the grass roots. Remember, it starts with me and you and the future generations will be thanking all of us. REFERENCES A better world is possible: Alternatives to Economic globalization Report summary 2002 International forum on Globalization. Capra fritjof, 2002. The hidden connections Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Economic and Social Development report, September 2010 http://anticap.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/what-globalization-paradox/ (Website I downloaded the cover picture).

Let them Call It Jazz Research Paper Example

Let them Call It Jazz Research Paper Example Let them Call It Jazz Paper Let them Call It Jazz Paper The story Let Them Call It Jazz is written by Jean Rays and it talks about Salina, a dark skinned, young woman who has no money, no home and no idea of what to do next in her life. She came to England with the intent of becoming a seamstress at a shop in London, but has had no luck getting hired. Instead she finds herself kicked out of the bed-sit she rents weekly and learns that her life savings has been stolen. Jean Rays has used specific characterization techniques to convey certain attitudes toward racial oppression. Her narration and dialogue, her personality and the other characters reaction to her are integral in communicating the racism message in the story to the reader. Jean Rays was influenced by her own experience with the whites and wanted to speak out about the racist acts by the people of England. The other characters reaction is shown when she moved into a ewe flat, she was disliked instantly and was told by her neighbors Must you stay? Cant you go? this shows that the people of that age then disliked people who were not white and did not treat them properly. Her previous land lady, not only stole Salines money, but also lied to the police when Salina reported that her money was stolen, saying She certainly had no money when she came here, She able to pay a month s rent in advance for her room. This caused Salina to leave the flat to find another one. Racism through the reaction of other characters is further shown when Salina was singing on her own and the neighbors disliked it. They called the police and when she was being told off my the police, You cant make that noise here. Get along home. Youve been drinking. I, the woman who had called the police was looking at me and smiling and the other people at their windows this proves that racism was dominant during that time.

Please, Thank You, Youre Welcome

Please, Thank You, You're Welcome Please,  thank you, and  youre welcome  are perhaps the most common phrases  in English. Use  please  to politely ask for something,  thank you  or  thanks  when someone does something for you or gives you something. Finally,  use  youre welcome  as a polite response when something thanks you for something. Learn the rules and alternate forms of these three important phrases in English. Please for Requests Please is used in order to make requests more polite. It is added to the end of polite questions and is preceded by a comma. Polite Question , please ? Could you give me a hand, please?May I use your telephone, please?Can I join your table, please? Please  can also be placed before the verb when asking a polite question: Would you please help me with this?Could you please explain the grammar again? Please for Confirming Help Please is also used to confirm an offer of help using the phrase  yes, please. Would you like to come with us? - Yes, please.May I help you? - Yes, please. Id like to know more about this months sale. Giving Directions and Please Generally, please is not used when giving directions or instructions, especially if there are a number of instructions to follow.  For example, a teacher might give the following instructions to a class: Open your book to page 40.Read the introduction.Do the introductory exercises.Read the passage.Take the multiple choice follow-up quiz. Please can be used when giving instructions to make the order more polite. This is usually done when only one order (or instruction) is given and is used only in spoken English. Please sit down.Pay attention, please.Please fill in this form. Notice that please is placed at the beginning or end of the instruction. Thank You Thank you is used when a compliment is given: Youre a fantastic tennis player! - Thank you.I really enjoyed dinner. It was very tasty. - Thank you, Im glad you like it. Thank You to Accept and Refuse Offers Thank you is often used at the beginning of a reply to an offer. It can be used in both the positive and the negative form to either accept or refuse an offer. Would you like something to drink? - Thank you. Id like a cola, please.Do you want to join us at the concert tonight? - No thank you. I need to study! Thanks Thanks is also used in the same manner as thank you in informal situations. Youre Welcome The phrase youre welcome  is the most common response when someone thanks you for something.  Youre welcome  is a phrase that comes from the German word  willkommen.  However, as you can read below, the use is very different than in German. Other phrases for saying  youre welcome  include: Formal   Dont mention it.Not at all.My pleasure.Im glad to have been of help. Informal No problem.Sure.Certainly.   When to NOT use Please Please  is not used as a response to  thank you. WRONG Thank you. - Please. RIGHT Thank you. - Youre welcome.Thank you. - No problem.Thank you. - Not at all. The Use of Please and Thank You Compared to Other Languages The use of please and thank you in English is very important. Please and thank you have their equivalents in other languages, but the usage of please and thank you in English is not always the same. Lets take two examples one from German and one from Italian in which a translation of please is used in Italian or German, but not in English. Italian Please - Prego Posso sedermi? - Prego Literal English translation: Can I sit down me? - Please Proper English translation: Can I sit down? - Certainly German Please - Bitte Vielen Dank! - Bitte schoen! Literal English translation: Many thanks! - Please pretty! Common English translation: Many thanks! - Youre welcome! Please, Thank You, Youre Welcome Quiz Fill in the gap with  please,  thank you,  or  youre welcome  depending on the situation.   Could you _____ help me with my homework?Would you like to have dinner early today? Yes, _____.Thank you for your advice. - _____. Im glad you found it helpful.Would you like something to drink? _____. Im not thirsty.Another way to say  _____ is my pleasure._____ sit down and begin the lesson.Could I sit down next to you? Certainly. - _____.May I use your restroom, _____?_____ to use my study if you would like._____ for your help on the test. I got an A! Answers pleasepleaseYoure welcomeThank youyoure welcomePleaseThank youpleaseYoure welcomeThank you About English Functions The use of  please  and  thank you  are known as functions. Learning correct language functions will help you understand and use the correct phrases and grammar in specific situations.

Film Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Film Review - Essay Example Plot The film ultimately narrates the production of Meet Pamela, a passe melodrama that stars Jean-Piere Aumon who is the aging movie icon, Valentina Cortese, Jean-Pierre Leaud and Jacqueline Bisset who is a British actor. It is evident from the film that Jacqueline Bisset who plays as Julie Baker in film, is recovering a nervous collapse as well as the controversy that leads her to marry the doctor who is much older. In between the film, there are various small vignettes. They include chronicle of the crewmembers stories and Truffaut who is the director of the film, faces with the numerous practical problems that a person faces when making a film. The film portrays that behind the cameras, the crew and actors go through many sorrows, break-ups, affairs and romances. The event that particularly shakes up the production is when the fiancee to Alphonse abandons him for the stuntman in the film and this leads him and Julie to have a one-night fling. The production is also shaken up when a car suddenly kills Alexandre and one of the supporting actors is discovered to be pregnant (Truffaut, 1986). The cast consists of Jacqueline Bisset who plays as Julie, Jean-Pierre Aumont plays Dani as Liliane, Valentina Cortese who plays as Severine, Alexandra Stewart who plays as Stacey, Alexandre, and Jean Champion plays as Bertrand. Nathalie Baye plays as Joelle, Jean-Pierre Leaud plays as Alphonse, Francois Truffaut is the Director of the film and he plays as Ferrand, David Markham plays Doctor Nelson whereas Zenaide Rossi plays Gaston’s wife as Madame Lajoie. Christian is Alexandre’s lover and it played by Xavier Saint-Macay, Bernard Menez plays the Property man, Nike Arrighi plays as Odile, Gaston Jolly plays Gaston whereas Jean Panisse plays as Arthur in the film. The rest of the cast includes the TV reporter, which is played by Maurice Seveno, Christophe Veasque plays as the dream boy in the Director’s dream, and both Marcel Berbert and Henry Graham p lay the roles of the insurers (Truffaut, 1986). Theme One of the fundamental themes in the film is whether or not movies are more paramount than life in regard to those who are concerned in there making and production. The other theme is about the many illusions that are involved in both the actual movies as well as in filmmaking. It is also shocking to learn that Truffaut who is the director of the film started his noble career as a champion of cinema being an art form and as a film critic. Ferrand is shown in a scene where he opens a book package, which he had ordered. The books were on various directors that he admires who include Robert Bresson, Roberto Rossellini, Ernst Lubitsch, Jean-Luc Godard, Alfred Hitchcock, Ingmar Bergman, Carl Theodor Dreyer and Luis Bunuel (Truffaut, 1986). Graham Greene who is a film writer plays the role of an insurance company representative who is known as Henry Graham in the film. It has been reported on the movie’s DVD cover that Greene gr eatly admired Truffaut’s work and he was looking for an opportunity to meet him

Information Systems Consoltancy skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Systems Consoltancy skills - Essay Example They act as the catalyst between the consultants or the clients and the developers of the solution on the other. Dispensing with their services would invite disaster. Whitman Price Consulting (WPC) is a Consultancy firm that provides industry-focussed solutions with the objective of enhancing their value and helps it clients to face a variety of challenges. They advise on how to create value for sustaining business, negotiating deals, improving business performance, managing assets, crisis and people. They educate the corporations to adapt to global requirements and standards as well as how to manage risks and respond to changes brought about these activities. They also counsel on regulatory and governance compliance requirements. For offering these value additions to their clients they have divided their own functions into six divisions. They are (1) Audit and Assurance, (2) Crisis Management, (3) Human Resources, (4) Performance Improvements, (5) Tax and (6) Transactions. However there are bound to be overlaps between them in order to give appropriate services to resolve complex problems of their clients and assist them to advance their business. Since collaboration is the foundation of any good consultancy these departments often cooperate and combine their efforts to meet deadlines. Communications between them is of extreme importance both for speed and delivery of quality of service. Accurate and up to date availability of information is another area that needs that has to be addressed. Over a period of time the actual work for the client has shifted from the WPC headquarter to the client place and this has added to additional pressure on the system. Lately the Consultants at WPC as well as the employees of the various clients have become more mobile and in order to save time need to access their colleagues, counterparts, clients and head offices from remote locations to access and deliver information. Recently the executives at

Identify a research topic in your area of expertise( eg, warming of Essay

Identify a research topic in your area of expertise( eg, warming of neonates) and identify a middle range theory that would be applicable to support the research topic in your specialty area - Essay Example However, comfort is idiosyncratic and best identified by the patient (Peterson & Bredow, 2009). Kolcaba’s comfort theory would assist in this research by identifying the comfort desires, measures, health seeking patient conduct, comfort, intervening variables and institutional integrity (Peterson & Bredow, 2009). This theory acknowledges that the comfort needs of patients emanate from stressful health care conditions. Therefore, this theory would also guide in designing measures to satisfy the comfort needs (Peterson & Bredow, 2009). This would be achieved through patient factors that influence the discernment of comfort identified by the theory such as the age, attitude, past experience, support system, emotional state and finances. Additionally, the theory of comfort acknowledges that the comfort is an experience offered in the environmental, psychospiritual, sociocultural and physical contexts (Peterson & Bredow, 2009). The research would identify these contexts of life through applying this theory’s taxonomic structure. Additionally, this theory would assist in the research by defining the three types of comfort that can be offered to patients. The theory of comfort identifies such as relief, ease and

Definition of International Human Resource Management (IHRM)

Definition of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) International Human Resource Management includes the firms work systems and its employment practices. It embraces both individual and collective aspects of people management. It is not restricted to any one style or ideology. It engages the energies of both line and specialist managers (where the latter exists) and typically entails a range of messages for a variety of workforce groups. (Boxhall, P. and Purcell, J. 2008). HRM responsibilities include: Recruitment and selection Training and development Human resource planning Assessing performance of employees Payment and reward systems Initiatives to align employee developments to corporate strategies. International Human Resource Management (IHRM) Boxall, P. (1992) defined International Human Resource Management (IHRM) as concerned with the human resource problems of multinational firms in foreign subsidiaries (such as expatriate management) or more broadly, with the unfolding HRM issues that are associated with the various stages of the internationalisation process. (Boxhall, P. 1992). Mark Mendenhall (2000) sought to be more specific by outlining a number of criteria relevant to a definition of IHRM: IHRM is concerned with HRM issues that cross national boundaries or are conducted in locations other than the home country headquarters. IHRM is concerned with the relationships between the HRM activities of organisations and the foreign environments in which the organisations operate. IHRM includes comparative HRM studies; e.g. differences in how companies in Japan, Thailand, Austria and Switzerland plan for upgrading of employee skills and so on. What IHRM is not IHRM does not include studies that are focused on issues outside the traditional activities inherent in the HRM function. E.g. leadership style is not IHRM, unless specifically linked to an HRM function; developing a selection programme to measure and select global leaders would arguably lie within the domain of organisational behaviour. IHRM does not include studies of HRM activities in single countries. E.g. a study of personnel selection practices in Saudi Arabia, whether undertaken by an English, German or Canadian researcher, is still a study about domestic HRM in Saudi Arabia. Though such studies may have interest to those who work in international HRM issues, they are essentially examples of domestic HRM research. IHRM approaches Ethnocentric: key positions filled by nationals of parent company Polycentric: host country nationals recruited to manage subsidiary in their own country Geocentric: best people recruited, whatever their nationality Regiocentric: best people recruited within region in which the subsidiary operates (e.g. EU, USA). IHRM solutions Choice of IHRM approach depends upon: Degree and type of internationalisation Type of industry and markets served Characteristics of staff Cultural preferences. Advantages and disadvantages of a decentralised approach to IHRM Advantages Groups within the subsidiary can gain in status Groups within the subsidiary become more cohesive, fostering group identity IHRM takes place within a culture appropriate to the local workforce and customers Disadvantages Tendency to become exclusive Loss of central control, higher administrative costs as HRM function is sent down the line Loss of organisational control and organisational identity Work and Islamic culture Latifi (1997) identified the following work-related values of Islamic culture: Equality before God Individual responsibility within a framework of cooperation with others A view that people in positions of power should treat subordinates kindly, as if their subordinates are brothers or sisters Fatalism, but also a recognition of personal choice Encouragement of consultation at all levels of decision-making, from family to the wider community. IHRM and training and development Training and development increases in complexity as MNEs move abroad. Types of training and development depends on a number of factors: The degree to which management is centralised. The types of workers employed in subsidiaries or joint ventures. The importance of branding, and the extent to which employees are expected to reflect the brand. The cultural expectations of training. In a global company, the training may well be centralised so that suppliers, employees and distributors are aware of the brand image that needs to be communicated. E.g. in Ford training programmes are set up centrally, and then translated and delivered to all main suppliers, subsidiaries and distributors. If, however, a more polycentric approach is taken, then the training may well be far more local, and more in line with the local culture Cross-cultural awareness Support provided for employees moving to overseas subsidiaries: Environmental briefings Cultural orientation Cultural assimilation Language training Sensitivity training Field experience. IHRM and reward strategies To design an appropriate reward strategy for employees taking up an international position, may require a number of factors to be considered, including: A knowledge of the laws, customs, environment, and employment practices of the foreign countries. Familiarity with currency relationships and the effect of inflation on compensation. An understanding of the allowances appropriate to particular countries, etc. For example, awareness of employment related legislation in the country of operation is vital to an appropriate international reward structure. India has as many as 45 labour laws at national level and close to four times that at the level of state governments (Kaushik 2006). The main method of drawing up a compensation package is known as the balance sheet approach. This approach is, according to Reynolds (1986): a system designed to equalise the purchasing power of employees at comparable position levels living overseas and in the home country, and to provide incentives to offset qualitative differences between assignment locations. IHRM and Balance Sheet reward strategy In order to achieve balance in reward structure, the organisation must take into account: Income taxes incurred in both home and host country Housing allowances (which might range from financial assistance to employees to providing company housing) Cost-of-living allowances (to adjust differences between home and abroad) Contributions to savings, pension schemes, etc. while abroad Relocation allowances (including the moving, shipping and storage of personal and household items and temporary living expenses) Education allowances for expatriates children (e.g. language tuition and enrollment fees in the host country or boarding school fees in the home country) Medical, emergency and security cover. Appraisal Identifies individuals strengths and weaknesses Reveals organisational obstacles blocking progress Provides feedback to improve human resource planning Improves communication. Cultural variations: performance appraisals Dimension general USA low context Saudi Arabia high context Japan high context Objective of performance appraisal Fairness, employee development Placement Direction of company/employee development Who does appraisal? Supervisor Manager several levels up. Appraiser has to know employee well Mentor and supervisor. Appraiser has to know employee well Authority of appraiser Presumed in supervisory role or position. Supervisor takes slight lead Reputation important (prestige is determined by nationality, sex, family, tribe, title, education). Authority of appraiser important Respect accorded by employee to supervisor or appraiser. Done co-equally How often? Once a year Once a year Developmental or periodically once a month. Evaluation appraisal after first 12 years

James Fenimore Cooper :: Essays Papers

James Fenimore Cooper James Fenimore Cooper was born in Burlington, New Jersey on September 15, 1789 to William and Elizabeth Cooper. He was born the eleventh of twelve children. When James was one year old the family moved to the frontier of Lake Otsego, New York, and his father established the settlement of Cooperstown at the head of the Susquehanna River. Cooper attended a private prep school in Albany, New York, and was then admitted to Yale in 1803. He was expelled during his junior year because of a prank. His family allowed him to join the navy, but he soon found that more discipline was present in the Navy than at Yale. In 1810 Cooper took a furlough, and never returned to active duty. James Fenimore Cooper married Susan De Lancy in 1811, and for the next ten years he lived as a country gentleman. However, after the death of all five of his elder brothers he became responsible for supporting their widows and paying their debts. He then found out that his father's estate had not been worth as much as originally thought. In 1820 Cooper published his first fiction, Precaution, on a challenge from his wife. This novel was largely unsuccessful. In 1821 he published his second book, The Spy, which was modeled after Sir Walter Scott's "Waverly" novels, except it was set during the American Revolution. The Spy brought Cooper international fame and a certain amount of wealth. Cooper's third book, The Pioneers, was the first of five novels that made up the Leatherstocking Tales. These were immensely popular frontier novels featuring a frontiersman by the name of Natty Bumpo, or Hawkeye. The Pioneers is generally considered to be the first truly American novel. The five novels of the series were not written in their narrative order, and were produced over a period of eighteen years. Cooper and his wife had five children, and they lived in Europe from 1826 until 1833 for the education of their children. When Cooper returned to America in 1833 he found he was rather unpopular due to his works Notions of the Americans and Letter to General Lafayette, which he had written while living in Europe.

How to manage your time effectively Essay

Ever come up short on schedule for something that should have been finished? On the off chance that you addressed yes, maybe you experienced difficulty dealing with your time legitimately. Time administration can show you how to take advantage of your time. Time management is one of the most important skills for university students. You should be very busy with your studies while, at the same time, balancing it with an on-campus social life. You have been admitted to the school of your choice, with hopes of meeting new friends and finding success in your classes. Getting into college is the easy part, but the hard part would be finishing it in one piece. College can be fun but at the same time frustrating, especially if your professors are being difficult or too strict. You may have thought some of these things when you first visited your university’s campus: †¢ I am overwhelmed. This is too much. †¢ The campus is so big, how will I ever find my way around? †¢ Okay, now I am a college student. Now, what happens? Surviving college is not just about how intelligent you are. It is not about how high you scored on standardized tests or admissions exams, and it is not entirely about classes and studying. People need to socialize; it’s part of their human nature. College does allow you to interact, but you must also study. It is important that you balance your time between studying and socializing. Some college students study themselves to the point of fatigue, but then some of them do not pass their classes due to stress. Other college students think of the university as one endless party. Some students do not appreciate the importance of socialization, and others do not value the importance of their education. You may be an intellect but it is not the only key to success in college. What is the secret to collegiate success? Time management is vital. College requires you to balance your life. You have to manage everything, such as class preparation, studying, campus organization activities, spending time with friends, eating healthy, exercising, and sleeping. Time management is not solely about studying, but also the attentiveness on relieving the stress of college life. Here are some ways that you can effectively manage your precious time: †¢ Learn to prioritize. Once you are focused on the goals you wish to achieve, you must prioritize the activities required to reach the goal. That will help you determine what particular task needs to be accomplished first and what tasks can be reserved for the future. To accomplish your goals more efficiently, try to mark deadlines on your calendar. †¢ Try to set goals. Know what you want to achieve and make those achievements your priority. That could be anything, whether you want to achieve the goal in a day, a week, a month, or a semester. Determine what your academic goal should be. Making goals could make it simpler for you to concentrate; instead of juggling subjects that you think are easy, it could be very stressful and often results in failing to achieve your goal. If you have more than one goal, it is wise to separate them into more manageable sections. Make a list of what you want to achieve for one week and for following weeks. †¢ Use extra time constructively. As an example, instead of doing nothing before class while waiting for the professor to arrive, try to think of the latest class assignment. If you are assigned to write an essay or research paper, use the time to think of a good topic for it. It is a fantastic way to portion your time into manageable pieces, and great time saver. It also allows you more time to spend time with your friends. When it comes to finishing tasks, sooner is always better than later. †¢ Time management planning is available for you to use to your advantage. Do not squander the resources and methods or available to you. The key to time management planning is carrying out the plans. Some college students get easily swayed by friends to attend a party while the student should be studying or otherwise in the process of achieving the established goals. Oftentimes, students think that they can put off the agenda until tomorrow. Doing so often results in too many things to do the next day, resulting in stress and frustration. You may have thought that each day is too short for you to finish all your work, and you may wish that there were more hours in a day. Those wishes are impossible. Therefore, the best course of action is to make use of what little time you do have.

Art and Literature in Augustan Rome Essay

The beginning of this time period comes with the death of Julius Caesar and the rise to power of his nephew, Octavius. He was in the Second Triumvirate that was formed to maintain order in Rome. Octavian, Marcus Lepidus, and Marc Antony ruled formally unlike the informal triumvirate of Julius Caesar. The triumvirate set out to execute members of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar. In 42 BC, Brutus and Cassius were finally defeated. In the following years the triumvirate diminished. In 36 BC, Lepidus retired. Marc Antony began to have affairs with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt. These affairs briefly came to a pause when Antony married Octavian’s sister Octavia. Marc Antony later returns to Egypt and marries Cleopatra. This causes Octavian and Antony to break out into war. He then takes his great-uncles name of Augustus and claims his leadership over Rome by defeating Mark Antony. Much art and literature was dedicated to the support of Augustus, which helped to bring together his empire. The Aeneid is an example of such propaganda in favor of Augustus, which people often find parallels between Aeneas and Augustus. In order for Augustus to maintain his newly gained power he uses such art and literature to influence his people. This form of media, which propaganda was a key part, plays an important role in his plan to maintain power. Augustus, known first to history as Gaius Octavius, was born in 63 BC. His relation to Julius Caesar comes from his grandmother Julia, who was Caesar’s sister. His great-uncle encourages him, for he sees talent in him, and even puts him in his will as his successor, along with three quarters of his estate. In 44 BC Caesar is assassinated and Augustus heads to Rome to pay his respects and to take his throne. He has to battle against Mark Antony, who was one of Caesar’s most trusted lieutenants. After ultimately causing Antony and his second wife Cleopatra to commit suicide, Augustus returns to Rome as the undisputed master of both east and west. Augustus ruled by patronage, military power, and accumulation of the offices. He was a sole ruler of Rome, which in result became known as the Roman Empire. The Senate became docile to Augustus and allowed him to have control. He gained the people’s support by funding various poets and artisans, who in exchange  glorified him in their work. This use of the arts, is example to Augustus’ use of political propaganda through art and literature. The writer of the Aeneid, Virgil, was a part of the circle of artists and poets supported by the wealthy patron Maecenas, who was close to Augustus. This gave him the freedom to spend most of his time writing. Since Virgil was writing under a patron close to the emperor, his stories had an element of political propaganda. He tied the life of Aeneas in the Aeneid, to that of Augustus, legitimizing the position of monarch and pleasing the emperor. This story was extremely popular in Rome and Aeneas was seen as the model citizen, so you can see why the connection to Augustus could work as a sort of propaganda. The Aeneid is interpreted by some, to validate the â€Å"golden age† and the restoration of the republic that Augustus had claimed to have done. It is a form of positive propaganda for Augustus, portraying him in a positive light for all of Rome to read. The most obvious connection between Aeneas and Augustus was their roles as founders. Aeneas founded the Roman Empire in the Aeneid and Augustus re-founded the empire after it had begun to fall apart after Caesar’s assassination and the subsequent battle for total power. In Book Six, Aeneas is shown a prophecy of the coming greatness of Rome, in a clear reference to Augustus’ rule. Another example is that the poem also served in Augustus’s attempts to re-introduce Roman values into Roman society, including reverence for the gods. Aeneas continually showed reverence to the gods, just as he did when he left Dido because it was the god’s will. The poem continues to reflect these ideals by portraying Aeneas not as a man motivated by personal gain, but a man motivated by his love and loyalty to his country, people and gods. For Romans the Aeneid is seen as something mystical, which it may be, but for Augustus it is just another example of his use of literature and art as propaganda. Augustus also united the Empire through his use of the arts as a form of self-promotion and to promote the themes of his administration, such as peace, allegiance to Rome, and respect for tradition. He visually improved the city by constructing new buildings that were worthy of the powerful Empire. He made art into the materialization of Roman government which was an idea continued by his descendants and was declared a god. He knew that he  had to portray his greatness in all the aspects of his subjects’ lives, including the arts. Three examples of such art are the Ara Pacis, the Temple of Mars, and the Res Gestae Divi Augustus. The Ara Pacis was made to honor the triumphal return from Spain and Gaul of Augustus and to celebrate the peace established by his victories. The Temple of Mars was constructed in Rome, to give thanks to the god for his victory over the assassins of his adoptive father, Gaius Julius Caesar. The Res Gestae Divi Augustus, is the first-person record of Augustus’ life and accomplishments. It is to show the greatness of Augustus and how he wanted it to be portrayed to his Roman people. These three pieces of art were very important in helping Augustus maintaining his power. Augustus’ use of art and literature as propaganda to influence his people was his way of keeping hold of his power. He was aware, as example of his great-uncle, that keeping power as a Roman Leader wasn’t easy. Even from the very beginning of his climb to power, when he had to fight for his throne against Mark Antony, he realized that his reign would come with some struggle. Which is why once he obtained complete control he used the works of artisans and poets to pay homage to himself and to influence the people of Rome to see Augustus in a favorable light. Just as Virgil’s epic, the Aeneid was extremely influential, not only to the people of the time of Augustan Rome, but also to many generations afterward. Augustus’ support created a â€Å"golden age† of literature even if much of it was a sort of propaganda. It is easy to understand why many other monarchs would strive to be like Augustus and to immortalize themselves in the arts and literature of their time as he once did. For he was an outstanding military leader, an excellent overseer of many public works, as well as being the leader during the longest period of peace and prosperity that Rome has ever experienced. Not only did he do all of this, but he also was extremely successful in his use of art and literature propaganda to influence the people around him. It not only gained him the support of the people of Rome, but it helped to unite his empire, as well as allowing him to live forever, not in a human body, but in the threads and strokes of all the works dedicated to him.